some readers have ordered monomers' stories before! So let's talk about another one today

in human pharmacies, you can find a kind of "rat medicine". Of course, this is not to say that rat poison can be used directly to treat people, nor that the two things can be used interchangeably, but that they do contain the same active ingredient.

if you think of tetramine, I must first clarify that this article has nothing to do with it. Tetramine (tetramethylene disulfone tetramine) is too toxic and dangerous to the environment and human beings. it has been banned as a rat poison, let alone used as a drug.

what we are talking about here is a completely different molecule, which can be used as a rodenticide and is also a medical anticoagulant. It is warfarin (PS: the name may seem a little Zen, but it is actually a transliteration of Warfarin, not Favalin, and has nothing to do with the Fahua Sutra).

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(molecular structure of warfarin)

this story begins with some "bad blood" livestock-literally bad blood mold. In the early 1920s, livestock were found to bleed very easily in some parts of the United States and Canada. For example, some bulls bleed constantly or even bleed to death after castration, which is unlikely to happen. After some investigation, the culprit was pinned on a kind of moldy grass. Later studies found that this particular forage (sweet clover) produces an anticoagulant under the action of fungi. This substance was later transformed into what is now warfarin.

in 1948, warfarin officially made its debut as a rat drug. In fact, the way it kills rats is to use its anticoagulant effect: when the dose is high to a certain extent, it is prone to fatal bleeding. Now warfarin itself is not so widely used as rat poison, and some newer varieties have emerged for rodent control, such as bromadiolone (the principle is similar). The process of killing mice with this rat poison is not so immediate, but it also helps to let the mice off guard.

(previously photographed container for rat poison)

warfarin was put on the market as a human drug a little later, and it can still be found in pharmacies today. Some patients have a higher risk of forming blood clots, which can be troublesome to block blood vessels, so anticoagulants have the opportunity to exert their abilities.

but warfarin, a classic old drug, is also a headache for doctors: it is so effective in anticoagulant that if you accidentally take a larger dose, it may cause bleeding, which can be as dangerous and even fatal as blood clots. And people's response to the drug is affected by a host of factors, from diet to genes to other drugs, so it can only be monitored carefully, which is really troublesome to use. Now there are some new anticoagulants that are more convenient to use, but warfarin has not yet retired from the stage of history.

the principle of warfarin does not go into detail. In short, this kind of thing antagonizes vitamin K, which is important for physiological blood clotting.

finally, I put a very malicious T-shirt I saw before: "anyone who dares to yell at a pharmacist, send him vitamin K as warfarin." = | |

if you have any thoughts about molecular stories, you can comment on them.